Developmentally Appropriate Environment

For many years, teachers, parents and child care providers saw how young children learn through play. Studies of child development play, reading, and writing show that young children learn differently from adults. Young children must be active while they learn. They must experience first hand and in very real ways how things work, how spoken words can be written, and how reading helps them function in the world. Structured learning activities such as paper and pencil tasks, workbook pages, drill, and sitting and listening for long periods of time do not work for young children. The National Association for the Education of Young Children represents the early childhood profession. Their book on developmentally appropriate practice and accreditation criteria define quality programs for young children. Developmentally appropriate environments help children develop in all areas—physical, social, creative, emotional, and cognitive. No one area of development is more important than another in the early years of a child’s life. It is often not possible to separate children’s development in one area from another. For example, as a child masters a physical skill such as climbing, self-esteem grows. The new physical skill makes it possible for the child to learn more about the world and to interact with friends. Children use problem solving to learn and perfect each new mental, social or physical skill. This integrated approach to learning is one of the hallmarks of a developmentally appropriate program. Parents want a warm and loving person to care for their children. Research supports the importance of this relationship. Staff characteristics are the most important criteria for determining quality care. A trained provider will interact well with children because of her knowledge and expectations of behavior for that age group. A developmentally appropriate provider knows and works with each child as an individual. Individual children have their own interests that motivate their learning and good behavior. Developmentally appropriate programs value individual interests as strengths that help children learn In appropriate settings, teachers arrange learning centers in which small groups of children can work and play. These centers may be for different types of play: quiet, messy, and active. Most programs have an area for block building, art, water play, playing house, music, books, table toys, and games. For school-aged children, there is an area for doing homework or projects. What most adults remember from their own public school experiences will not be in a quality early childhood program. There are no individual desks where each child sits to listen to the teacher and do work. There is no large space where everyone has to do the same thing at the same time. Children can choose to be with a friend or alone. This increases success in getting along with others. They do not need to compete for materials or attention. It is easier to take turns. They learn to listen to others, express themselves, and eventually understand another person’s viewpoint.. The curriculum is everything that goes on throughout the day. Chances for learning occur during play and routines like snack, lunch and rest times. Children learn good health practices, positive social interactions, independence in self-care and decision making, as well as science, mathematics, music, art, language, and social studies. The caregiver plans learning activities after seeing the children’s interests and abilities. Children learn the same thing in a variety of activities. They learn a variety of things in one activity. For instance, learning colors can take place in art, through songs and stories, through table games, cooking activities, and in costumes for play. There is no need to have children sit down and teach them the color red all at one time. There are many opportunities throughout the day for children to learn about colors as they actively work with materials. The children who already know about colors are not bored. They attend to other things like shape. Trained child care teachers know that children grow according to predictable developmental patterns. They match activities to the children’s age and stage. For instance, children younger than three will have difficulty sharing. To reduce the conflicts over toys, a teacher provides more than one of each toy. The teachers model sharing as they work together. When a child does share, the teachers consistently compliment and encourage the child’s sharing. In an inappropriate program, the adults would impose sharing before children are developmentally ready to share, then they punish children for not sharing. This results in frustration, behavior problems and unhappiness for children, parents and staff. Look for activities planned for an individual child. For example, you told the teachers that your family goes camping on weekends. The teacher puts out a tent, sleeping bags and picnic supplies for the children to use in play. A caregiver will provide musical instruments and recorded music for a child who shows an interest in music. After a child has been in the hospital, the teacher puts books and objects related to hospitals in the classroom for the children to use. The child can tell others about the experience and play through fears and concerns. Individual children and their families feel valued when these activities relate to their interests and cultural backgrounds. A trained provider will not rush children to be ready for the next stage of development. Living this year fully is more important than getting an early start on next year’s curriculum. Children with diverse interests and learning styles do not experience boredom and frustration when the program offers creative activities and challenges so children can learn at their own pace.

Religion and Beliefs in Myanmar Essay

Burma is a predominantly Theravada Buddhist country. An appreciation of Buddhism and its history in Myanmar is a prerequisite for outsiders wishing to better understand the Burmese mind. There are no totally reliable demographic statistics from Burma, but the following is an estimate of the religious composition of the country: Buddhists: 89% Animists: 1% Christians: 4% Muslims: 4% Hindus: 2% Most Myanmar are Buddhist of the Theravada stream. Central to their religious beliefs is karma, the concept that good begets good and evil begets evils. The ultimate aim in life according to Buddhist belief is to escape the cycle of rebirth and reach Nirvana. Meritorious deeds that will help a person to achieve Nirvana include giving donations (especially to monks) and abiding by the Five Precepts and practicing Bavana (meditation). Some Myanmar people, especially those from the rural areas, have many superstitions. Astrology, palmistry and clairvoyance are sometimes relied upon to make important decisions. These may include marriage, going into a business partnership, naming a baby, and others. To offset bad luck, certain meritorious deeds or yadaya may be performed such as setting free some live birds or animals, building a footbridge, or mending a road. Religion and Beliefs in MyanmarBurma is a predominantly Theravada Buddhist country. An appreciation of Buddhism and its history i n Myanmar is a prerequisite for outsiders wishing to better understand the Burmese mind. There are no totally reliable demographic statistics from Burma, but the following is an estimate of the religious composition of the country:Buddhists: 89%Animists: 1%Christians: 4%Muslims: 4%Hindus: 2%Most Myanmar are Buddhist of the Theravada stream. Central to their religious beliefs is karma, the concept that good begets good and evil begets evils. The ultimate aim in life according to Buddhist belief is to escape the cycle of rebirth and reach Nirvana. Meritorious deeds that will help a person to achieve Nirvana include giving donations (especially to monks) and abiding by the Five Precepts and practicing Bavana (meditation).Some Myanmar people, especially  those from the rural areas, have many superstitions. Astrology, palmistry and clairvoyance are sometimes relied upon to make important decisions. These may include marriage, going into a business partnership, naming a baby, and others. To offset bad luck, certain meritorious deeds or yadaya may be performed such as setting free some live birds or animals, building a footbridge, or mending a road. http://asia.isp.msu.edu/wbwoa/southeast_asia/burma/history.htm http://asia.isp.msu.edu/wbwoa/southeast_asia/burma/history.htm

Renewable Resource Mechanisms and the Means With Which They Produce Thesis Proposal

Renewable Resource Mechanisms and the Means With Which They Produce Electricity - Thesis Proposal Example Policies relating to production tax credit, standardization policy, renewable energy benefit funds as well as performance standards for buildings, credits for installation of appliances that are renewable resource compliant, mortgages and loans for such buildings will definitely help to the nation to turn towards renewable energy. The researcher is of the view that renewable resource mechanisms for the generation of electricity have not been given its due justice. There is dearth of policies which are being practiced today partly because renewable resources development is a new arena in which policy makers are afraid to venture into. More awareness is needed in the education of political representatives in matters relating to renewable resource mechanisms available for generating electricity, especially its benefits and long-term implications for the nation. The researcher shall endeavor to explore policies which are being adopted around the world with particular interest in the stud y of various policy alternatives available for the US administration to adopt in the future for its people. Sovacool, B.K. 2009. Whats the Best Way to Promote Renewable Electricity? Scitizen. Online accessed on 24 February 2010 from: http://scitizen.com/future-energies/what-s-the-best-way-to-promote-renewable-electricity-_a-14-2641.html Author not available 2009. What are renewable portfolio standards (RPS) and how do they affect generation of electricity from renewable sources? US Energy Information Administration. Online accessed on 24 February 2010 from:

Operations and Technology Management Assignment

Operations and Technology Management - Assignment Example This makes it very difficult to accurately forecast in advance the designs so they stick to the traditional and common designs. They will not purchase materials in big orders because of the uncertainty of the forecast. Hence, this management strategy could be considered as very conservative and inefficient operation style. The effect of this goes beyond the initial production. In the event that the forecast is correct and replenishments are in order, the same cannot be produced immediately. Materials were pre-ordered a year before and may not be in manufacture anymore or such other delays may occur. So even if the design becomes in demand, M&S will not be able to cater to it immediately. Their slow response will lead customers to shop elsewhere like Zara who can "copy a successful competitor model and get it on its shelves within 7 days and all at low-to-middle range prices." What is needed is a change. But it is not a piece meal change, as can be seen in the effecexplanation. It req uires changing to root causes of poor performance which according to Merrill Lynch is, "heavy organization, limited flexibility and over centralization." 1. He downsized in the effort to save costs and bring up the value of company stocks. This led to the closure of operations in Canada & 6 stores in France and Germany. This also led to the UK management staff cut of over 1000 employees including Simon Marks great grandson. The closure of operations and stores may be a smart financial move but in the long run may cost the company far greater losses in terms of customer "goodwill' and company profile. Peter Salisbury should have explored other avenues like selling by consignment of goods or maintain a booth within a large department store, or even franchising to maintain relations with customers and thus not to lose the important "goodwill." Without "goodwill" a company is nothing. Company employee goodwill should have also been maintained to make the employees feel secure in their work and thus work harder for the company. Downsizing even the number of management staff cannot be avoided but he should have maintained Simon Marks great grandson if he was worth it. How can a mere employee be secure in his work when even the relative of its founder who works as hard as him does not enjoy even a bit of leeway. Is the company going bankrupt that it can no longer give a little respect to the memory of its founding member What company profile does this action show the industry He forgot to look closely into the history of the company that it reached the peak of its glory when its patronage grew. People chose to buy M&S products because the company gave back to its employees in terms of social/ welfare services. 2. He moved to reorganize and decentralize through the "Return to Recovery Program" by rationalizing its supplier base. 77% of turnover was sourced from the UK which allowed close proximity to the buying team for controls and communication. This stopped or limited the sourcing of clothes to Hong Kong. Savings were obtained from having to obtain the sourcing from Asia, flying the same to UK for control

What are the three best critical questions that one can bring to the Essay

What are the three best critical questions that one can bring to the study of the international relations of china - Essay Example ieves, it has tried to grow in reference to its historyand this has impacted positively towards its international and domestic affairs and finally maintaining respecting its legacy of irredentism. Being the world’s oldest culture, Chinese culture has perceived a dominant coverage in a large geographical region in eastern Asia with customs and traditions varying greatly between provinces, cities, and even towns. Literature, music, visual arts, maritalarts, cuisine and religion makes the important components of the culture.The Culture covers large geographical territories in china; usuallyeach region isdivided into distinct sub-cultures and represented by three ancestral items. A good example is Guangdong represented by chenpi, aged ginger and hay. These distinctions give rise to the old Chinese proverb: â€Å"Shà ­ lÇ  bà ¹tà ³ng fÄ“ng, bÇŽi lÇ  bà ¹tà ³ng sà ºÃ¢â‚¬  literally "the wind varies within ten li, customs vary within a hundred li." In relation to the marital art, Chinese marital arts are collectively given the name kung fu,Kung to mean "achievement" or "merit", and (fu) "man", thus "human achievement"). The first generation of art started mor e for the purpose of survival and warfare than art. Over time, some art forms have branched off, while others have retained a distinct Chinese flavor. Regardless, China has produced some of the most renowned martial artists for example wong Fei Hung. Chinese civilization originated in various regional centers along both the Yellow River and the Yangtze River valleys in the Neolithic era, but the Yellow River is said to be the cradle of Chinese civilization. With thousands of years of continuous history, China is one of the worlds oldest civilizations. For instance, the yellow played a number of roles: to start with, according to the Chinese culture, Family is seen to be very important. The authority of the family belongs to the father. The father always arranges the marriages for his daughters, controls the amount of

The sexual objectification of women in advertising Essay

The sexual objectification of women in advertising - Essay Example This "The sexual objectification of women in advertising" outlines the issue of gender inequality and the image of women as a sexual object ad. Ads are great, in several senses. They are one amongst the rarely thriving creative fields in the society. They make us smile and forget our problems through their imaginative rosy world. But, sadly a great proportion of ad directors simply believe they can sell their product only by portraying a woman sexually. The history of this notion started way back from the days of Esquire magazine and several others like the "Play Boy" continued on their footsteps. The copy writer turned editor of the Esquire magazine initially started to feature the petty girls and the pin up models to satisfy the male ego. They were in a crucial state to produce a magazine which attracts men. They used strong sarcasm under the cover of humour against the growing women power in the late 20's. Men who lost their jobs to the ever increasing women flock, found solace in such magazines. Everything from the cooking talent of women to their housekeeping norms were strongly criticized in the Esquire (Breazael, 2003). The magazine simply represented the mainstream idea of "Why don't these women keep quiet and let men manage the world?" in every bit. Several women groups stood up strongly against them. In fact the magazine was forced to keep their views under elite cover, mostly because of the rising feminist groups. There doesn’t seem to be much change in the way the advertising world view women. In fact, the objectification of women in media only increases as years pass. There are several reasons for this. Goffman who researched over 500 advertisements on a gender based view noted three important points. The size and the height of men always seemed to be higher than women. Women were shown as stereotypical, overexcited beings often laughing or acting hysterically. Their touch and body is always combined with overt graze, usually representing th em lying down in sofa's or beds (Goffman, 1979). The poses and mannerisms of women are usually depicted to be childlike, innocent or immature. Men see in such poses what women see in a baby, the need to nurture. A woman buys a product where a baby looks at her sheepishly with its finger on the mouth, kindled by her motherly instincts. Similarly a man buys a product showcasing a beautiful woman, with wide eyes, slightly open lips, stretched hands and legs, kindled by his natural dominant side. The problem here is both men and women are equal and the necessity for prince in armour has long disappeared. There is no point in portraying women as helpless, innocent, dependable creatures, luring men with sexiness when they live a completely respectful life. Women movements and associations should join hands together to stop such senselessness. If men cannot accept themselves being portrayed as cavemen when they wear Armani suit, why should a normal women accept a bimbo portrayal wherever s he turns to. This is an age where governments are overthrown through Facebook. If women around the world join hands, such arrogance will be put to check immediately. The products of the Nestle Company were boycotted because they buy palm oil by destroying forests where orang-utan’s live. The company was forced to stop the worthless act saving the primitive species. If consumer

Steps of Hometown Deli to Move in the 21st Century Technologically Case Study

Steps of Hometown Deli to Move in the 21st Century Technologically - Case Study Example This paper illustrates explores how to bring Hometown Deli into the 21st Century technologically by adding new computer equipment, wireless routers, and Wi-Fi hubs, and staying in tune with our customers through social media sources such as Facebook and Twitter. We feel that a move to 21st Century technology not only with hardware but with software as well can, not only make us more efficient, but more profitable as well. The loan was given to Hometown Deli by the bank to help pay for the equipment which will be implored be Hometown Deli for their everyday business uses. Further resources will come from extra revenue allocated to help pay for the new hardware and software that will be used to help run the business. The deliverables coming to Hometown Deli will include the new automated inventory system which will allow the restaurant to be able to keep a closer track on their current inventory and what they need to order to make sure that they have enough supplies in the stores at al l time. Furthermore, additional deliverables will include updates to the programs and hardware as well as supplies to help keep the store running at the technological peak performance. The Systems Development Life Cycle is a seven-stage process whose purpose is to identify the information technology needs of a business that is cost effective while also meeting the company's current and future needs. The planning phase for Hometown Deli allowed the owner’s grandson to find out that the restaurant was in dire need of updating for the 21st Century technologically. Thus, we decided that to bring in more customers and retain the ones that we currently have is to update the restaurant to bring out the best that it can be. During this phase, we checked out what would be needed in order to execute our plan in bringing Hometown Deli into the 21st Century. We found out that the whole restaurant would have to be rewired in order to handle the workload that we were going to need from the new networks we are going to establish within the restaurant to set up our Wi-Fi hotspot for our customers and the wireless network going to be used for our business needs.

Perspectives on People at Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Perspectives on People at Work - Essay Example This essay stresses that the managers single out significant differences in the way people approach work and organizations. Power distance is the extent to which members of a society accept that power is distributed unequally in organizations. In all societies there is inequality between people, be it based upon physical, economic, intellectual or social characteristics. If people feel that they belong and are included it enables them to feel good about working in an organisation. If, on the other hand, people do not feel part of the organisation - that they do not share the domi ¬nant attitudes and beliefs - negative emotional consequences are likely to result. Studies of token women in management support these ideas. Today, the manager may be imposed, formally appointed or elected, or emerge naturally through the demands of the situation or the wishes of the group as a leader. The manager should possess the competencies to use and evaluate new ideas, but he/she must also have the insight into the impact these ideas will have on the future. This paper makes a conclusion that the manager needs to recognize his influence on the staff and individual differences which might impact his style of management. When the manager does not receive the â€Å"sender's message† in the manner intended, it results in miscommunication and conflicts. Every person is a unique individual and organizations should carefully select managers taking onto account their personal characteristics and individual differences.

The Apollo Group, Inc Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Apollo Group, Inc - Case Study Example Unlike other universities, UOP is a for-profit institution. Synopsis of the Situation The University of Phoenix catered to the working adults who wanted to continue their education. It was one of the first institutions to target this growing market. They are considered the giant in the industry and as such have earned $2.5 billion in revenues in 2006. While many colleges employed full-time faculty members, UOP hired working professionals as teachers. The success of the Apollo Group emanates from the fact that they were able to tap an unserved niche in the market, that is, the working adults. Key Issues The key issues of the case are the growing demand for online education not only in the US but also in the developing countries, the need to open up new local campuses and the need to improve the existing technology that UOP utilizes. Define the Problem The problem presented in the case is how to change the reputation of UOP from a â€Å"diploma mill† establishment to one which i s offers accredited degree programs and an institution that will introduce new undergraduate and graduate degree programs that will meet the needs of both the adult working population and the traditional collegiate market. Alternative Solutions There are several solutions that may be adapted by UOP namely: Use the media to give information about programs that they offer, the competence of their faculty members and the academic system that they use Highlight the low cost of tuition as compared to other colleges Create tie-ups with large corporations to encourage their employees to enroll at UOP; discounts may be given to corporations which enrolls a certain number of their workers at UOP Advertise through the internet to capture foreign markets and increase its student population Put emphasis on the concept of offering quality education at schedules that are accessible even to working adults Need to invest more on latest technology available for educational institutions especially wi th regards to online education Selected Solution to the Problem The selected solution to the problem is a combination of all the alternative solutions presented above. UOP cannot just rely on a single solution to its problems. It should improve its course and program offerings and hire more competent faculty members. It is also essential that UOP keep abreast with the latest technological advancements in the industry. After improving on the said aspects, it must allocate the necessary funds to come up with an advertising strategy that will improve its reputation by highlighting its unique selling point and emphasizing the quality of its education. Implementation The solutions suggested would take several months to implement. The first step to do is to research on the latest technology available for online education. This is of utmost importance because several schools are already offering online programs and if UOP does not adapt the latest technology, they might not be able to reta in its market leadership. The next step is to beef up its marketing to other developing countries. This should be done because in case they lose their leadership in the US market, the foreign market can augment any decline in enrollment in the local market. Expanding overseas is the way to go for online education. Hand in hand with marketing to the foreign market, UOP must recruit new faculty members to maintain the ratio of students to

Theories Of Ethical And Pshchological Egoism Essay Example for Free

Theories Of Ethical And Pshchological Egoism Essay Many feel that human nature drives people to deny all forms of altruism and the desire to help others; while an equal amount feels that it is the duty of every human to help others at all costs.   Because there is no way to really decide such a subjective argument, it seems personal preference is the best way to dictate such action.   The alternatives to such altruistic action are egoism, as described through ethical and psychological egoism. These options counter the utilitarian approach, which many find the preferable way for humans to act, and the greatest good for the greatest number of people should be in mind for every action a person makes.    However, the utilitarian approach often leaves open-ended questions on just how much help the fortunate should give to those who are not.   That is why the best approach is through ethical egoism, as if everyone looked out for his or her best interests, ideally, everyone would be able to support themselves and those for whom they care.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While utilitarianism seems to be an ideal way to exist, it leaves too many questions about morality and the limits of altruism.   Egoism is much more natural, as it fosters the will to survive with a distinct rationalism.   The distinction between psychological egoism and ethical egoism reflects the contrast of is verses ought, fact verses value, or descriptive verses prescriptive (Philosophy Lander, 2006). In layman’s terms, this means that ethical egoism is based on the idea that individuals should do only what is in his or her self-interest to achieve morality, while psychological egoism accepts the fact that all people act in their self-interests anyway, despite any appearance to the contrary.   This expresses the difference between the descriptive nature of psychological egoism and the prescriptive nature of ethical egoism, with the former stating humans do things in their own best interests, while the latter states that humans merely should do things in their best interest (Lycan, 2001). To a psychological egoist, human nature is being wholly self-centered and self-motivated, which basically renders all morality useless (Moseley, 2006).   To an ethical egoist, morality is still pertinent and there are strong and weak types of the theory, with the strong version holding it is always moral to promote one’s own good, and it is never moral not to promote it, while the weak version states although it is always moral to promote one’s own good, it is not necessarily never moral to not (Moseley, 2006).   The weak version allows that there may be situations where pursuit of self-interest is not the most important thing and may actually be contrary to the best interests of an individual when concerning morality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The difference between psychological and ethical egoism cannot be fully understood without knowing the fallacy that exists with psychological egoism.   The fallacy is that people are always motivated by self-interest, when there may be a great variety of motivating factors affecting their decisions, especially emotions.   The concept of motivation has a great deal to do with each theory, as psychological egoism is motivated by individual selfishness, while ethical egoism is motivated by the idea that one must do what is right, even if against self-interests. Because of this, one can commit an altruistic act with ethical egoism, however, with psychological egoism altruism is impossible unless simultaneously serving the interest of the individual as well.   Selfishness and self-interest, while containing some similar attributes, are very different, in that selfishness focuses solely on the needs of the individual, while self-interest merely seeks advantageous circumstances to ensure success. Ethical egoism is a philosophical practice that encourages individuals to pursue their own self-interests.   While it is idealistic to think of helping unknown masses with one’s own hard earned money, it is also naà ¯ve to think that people should feel obligated to do so.   A person who works hard to make money to buy fine things is entitled to those things.   Just because a person is successful and can afford luxury items does not mean that they are obligated to help strangers because it serves some sort of utilitarian purpose. If anything, much of this altruism merely perpetuates a cycle in which those who are poor become accustomed to the aid of those who are not.   If they pursued their own self-interests, they would be better able to rise above their own struggles and create a successful world for themselves. Ethical egoism is not entirely without the concept of helping others, however it focuses not on people that an individual will never meet, but the people in his or her life and those that the person loves and touches personally.   Psychological egoism lacks the fundamental questions of morality to begin with, and helping others is only necessary if it benefits the helper.   While it is difficult to claim that either type of egoism is correct, or even preferable to a utilitarian approach, it allows individuals to remain independent and free of all illusions. REFERENCES Lycan, W. (2001). Morality. University of North Carolina. Retrieved April 26, 2008, from http://www.unc.edu/~ujanel/Morality.htm Moseley, A. (2006). Egoism. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved April 22, 2008, from http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/e/egoism.htm#SH2b Philosophy Lander. (2006). Psychological Egoism. Retrieved April 22, 2008, from http://philosophy.lander.edu/ethics/egoism.html

Analysing The Role Of Personal Choice In Euthanasia Philosophy Essay

Analysing The Role Of Personal Choice In Euthanasia Philosophy Essay Imagine for a minute that you have cancer with no cure in sight. As the days go by you keep getting worse and worse. You become very uncomfortable and unable to function on a daily basis. You live everyday in pain so unbearable that you can no longer get up out of bed. Life has become meaningless. You just want to end your life, but you cant, because in Indiana, physician assisted suicide is illegal. You end up dying a very painful death, one that no one should have to go through. Anyone who is terminally ill should have the right to die if they choose to. Everyone should be able to die with dignity and the satisfactory of a painless death. People who are opposed to physician assisted suicide are most likely uneducated about the subject. They see it as immoral and unethical because society makes it seem that way. However, if people were more educated on the subject they would be surprised to find out that it is actually a persons personal choice. There are many things one must do before being considered for the lethal medication. Physician assisted suicide provides the necessary means for a person to end their life, but the patient themselves have to actually administer the medication to end their own life. A patient can not walk into the doctors office and tell them they feel like dying today and have the doctor give them the lethal medication. In Oregon there are guidelines that must be followed first. A patient must be 18 years old, a resident of Oregon, capable of making healthcare decisions for him/herself, and be diagnosed with a terminal illness that will lead to death within six months(www.Oregon.gov). After tho se initial guidelines have been approved, it is totally up to the patient if they want to take the medication after it is prescribed. In March 1998, an Oregon woman dying of breast cancer asked her physician to prescribe a drug that would allow her to end her life-Later that month, she took it and became the first person in the U.S. to commit suicide with the help of a doctor legally(Robinson). Everyone should have that very right. Physician assisted suicide is a compassionate option for those who suffer and have reached a clear decision to end their lives peacefully(Woodward). We are allowed to choose to give our pets a humane death when they are in their final stages of life, yet we as humans are denied that very same right. It seems as if we respect our pets more then human dignity. Suppose you have a dog whom has been a part of your family for ten years. You love the dog as if it is a part of your family. One morning you awake to the dog whining and in excruciating pain. Immediately you pick the dog up, wrap it in a blanket and fly out of the door. You worst nightmare is unfolding in front of your eyes. You only want what is best for your beloved dog. You arrive at the veterinarian office and take the dog back into the examine room. There are many tests that have to be done before the cause of the pain can be determined. You sit in the waiting room for what seems like forever when finally the veterinarian comes out with the news your were dreading to hear. Your dog has cancer and it has spread throughout its whole body. A flood of emotions rush through your body and you can not contain the way you feel about the diagnosis. It is heartbreaking. You only want what is best for the dog right? If it is going to live a life full of pain, why prolong its life when you know it is going to be uncomfortable? Now, instead of a dog, put a human being in the place of the dog. Does it seem fair that we are able to end that dogs life and not a human being? Absolutely not! The laws need to be changed, so we as human beings have more rights to our own lives. Our government is denying us rights that we should have. A recent study done on characteristics and end of life care of 460 DWDA patients who died after ingesting a lethal dose of medication in Oregon during 1998-2009 shows just who, and why people chose to end their lives. According to the chart, males are more likely then females to ask for the lethal medication. The range is age between 75-84. Married people and whites are more likely to take the lethal medication. The underlying illness is cancer that brings most patients into the physicians office to ask for the lethal medication. Most of the people who took the medication were being taken care of by hospice. The main concern for the ending of the persons life was losing anatomy. Only forty out of four-hundred sixty people had complications after taking the medication, and those were minor. (www.Oregon.Gov) From that information, we can conclude that the lethal injection is relatively safe. The injection is painless, and takes effect almost immediately after it is taken. The patient w ill die peacefully and with the dignity they deserve. As with everything in life, there are both pros and cons to assisted suicide. The cons are very important and beneficial to the patient. Tremendous pain and suffering of patients can be saved(Messerli). Of course, taking the lethal medication will end all pain the patient is experiencing. Patients can die with dignity rather then have the illness reduce then to a shell of their former selves(Messerli). No one wants to be remembered as that person who was basically a vegetable. Healthcare costs can be reduced, which would save estates and lower insurance premiums(Messerli). Lets face it, insurance companies do not want people who are high risk on their policy. Nurse and doctor time can be feed up to work on savable patients(Messerli). More patients who do have a chance at life can get the care they truly deserve. Pain and anguish of the patients family can be lessened, and they can say their final goodbyes(Messerli). If the patients family knows ahead of time that the patient is going to pass away, there is time to say all those things they want to, while the patient is still able to understand and respond. Vital organs can be saved, allowing doctors to save the lives of others(Messerli). That is very rewarding to the patient who is dying, they know they will still live on through someone else and also they are saving another persons life. Many people commit suicide in a messy, and traumatic way because they do not have the option for assisted suicide, which is another clear cut point in why assisted suicide should be legal. There are also cons to physician assisted suicide. It violates the Hippocratic Oath(Messerli). Doctors are not supposed to harm a patient in any way, and giving them a lethal medication to die, is defiantly a way to harm a patient. Physician assisted suicide could open the floodgates to non-critical patient suicides and other abuse(Messerli). If it were legal, some people would try to take advantage of it. Certain religions prohibit suicide and the intentional killing of others However, isnt making someone suffer immoral and unjust? Doctors and patients may be prompted too soon to give up on recovery much too soon(Messerli). People can, and do recover from serious illnesses, but the numbers are not impressive enough to make physician assisted suicide illegal. Doctors are given too much power, and can sometimes be wrong(Messerli). There is not a one person who has ever been right their whole life. People make mistakes daily. Doctors have enough knowledge to know that a patient is goin g to die sooner or later, just because they are off by a few months, doesnt make physician assisted suicide a horrible thing. In the article titled Confronting Physician-Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia: My Fathers Death, Susan Wolf is faced with her father who is dying, and initially she is opposed to physician assisted suicide, until she has to witness her father die a very painful death right in front of her eyes. In the end she wrote. I would not want to bear the burden of having accelerated of causing his death by euthanasia or assisted suicide; this is hard enough. My fathers death made me rethink my objections to legalizing assisted suicide and euthanasia, but in the end it left me at ease with what Ive written(Wolf). This is a perfect example of why people should have the right to die, and the effects it has on family members. It has got to be horrifying to have to sit by and watch a family member die, a slow painful death. This can cause mental and emotional stress on both patient and loved ones. A concern among many who are opposed to physician-assisted suicide is that if it were to become legal, some people might feel they have a duty to die in order to avoid becoming a burden either to loved ones or to society(Woodward) This is valid reasoning, but that reasoning should not be based on that alone. I would feel like it would be more of a burden to continue living in continuous pain and suffering and putting myself a my family though months and sometimes years of torture then to be opposed to it. Why would it be a burden to end a life of someone who is telling you they do not want to live? It would be more abundant to end that persons life, and know that was the right thing to do. You could continue living on knowing you done the right thing and gave your loved one what they wanted. I did an interview with Oliver Newton, a cancer patient currently in hospice care who is dying of leukemia. His main concern was being a burden to his family members. He did not want his family t o feel as though they had an obligation to care for him. I would rather pass away peacefully then live in the pain I have been experiencing since 2008(Newton). When I asked him how he felt about physician assisted suicide, his reply was I wish that was an option in Indiana, if it were, I would defiantly take advantage of it(Newton). This was just one interview I did, and I could tell in this mans eyes that he was done living in the conditions which he is in. It is sad to see someone who feels as though their life is worth terminating. People in Olivers case should be granted the right to end his own life under his own terms. Medical experts say nearly three of every four people who are facing death experience moderate to severe pain, and that more than half die in pain. Too often, the pain could have been easedbut wasnt, they say(Carey). It is a tragic experience to have to go through so much pain in ones final days. It seems so unfair. Is it not enough that they are lying on their death bed? Apparently that isnt enough. It is inhumane and immoral to let a person suffer such an agonizing death. The odds of dying in pain are too high. There is no way of arguing against physician assisted suicide unless a person is actually put in the shoes for a day of someone who does have a terminal illness. Physician assisted suicide isnt hurting anyone. If one could just feel their pain for even a minute, people would change their minds about letting that person dye peacefully and painless. In a book titled Euthanasia and Physician Assisted Suicide (For and Against) Dworkin and Frey argue that physician-assisted suicide is morally permissible and that it ought to be legal for physicians to provide the knowledge or the means, or both, by which a patient can take his or her own life(Dworkin, Frey and Bok). They propose that autonomy and relief of suffering are important values and that dying patients have the right to make the process of dying as painless and dignified as possible and to control the time and manner of their death(Dworkin, Frey and Bok). It should be considered morally permissible for many reasons that too many people can not understand. It should be a patients right to use their freedom of speech and get what they so desperately need. It is unjust that we have to struggle so bad to get a law that we need so desperately. Since everyone would have to go through a screening before even being considered for the drug, it would almost be impossible to get it fo r no good reason. There are millions of people out there who need it terribly and are in dire need of relief. Anyone should be able to pick the time and manner of their death if they are terminally ill and dying anyway. That should be a right everyone should have. It is a shame that we do not have that. If someone chooses to die with the help of a physician, they should be allowed to. Physician assisted suicide should be legal in every state, with the same guidelines as Oregon. Everyone deserves to die with dignity. If animals have the right to die with dignity, then a human should be able too. The fact that animals have better rights then us as humans do, seems more immoral then legalizing physician assisted suicide. The pros by far outweigh the cons of legalizing physician assisted suicide. Someone who is opposed to physician assisted suicide needs to walk in the shoes of a person who is terminally ill and dying just so they know exactly what that person is going through. People need to be better educated about the subject and do research on it. Our society is not setting a good example for our future which is scary. A person deserves a lot more rights then what is legal right now. Anyone should legally be able to end their lives if they are terminally ill. They should be able to do so when they choose to with family members crowded around for their last good-bye. It is safe to say that living a dogs life is better then a humans.

Coal Legislation :: essays research papers

Coal   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Coal is a fossil fuel- hydrocarbon containing natural resource, much like petroleum or natural gas. It is extracted from the Earth by strip mining or underground mining. It is a readily combustible black sedimentary rock, which is one of the three main rock categories. Coal is composed of carbon and hydrocarbons, in coordination with other elements. It is the leading source of electricity the world over. It is estimated that half of the world’s electricity is powered by coal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Coal mining in the United States is recorded to have first occurred in Virginia when 50 tons were purged from the earth in 1748 (coaleducation.org). Today, all of the states with coal deposits have produced coal at one point in America’s history as America produces over one billion tons of coal per year. Similar to the cash crops of cotton and tobacco, the business of coal mining has greatly effected the historical development of the Unites States in terms of economic growth, technological advancements, global recognition and even physical expansion. The mining of coal was one of the draws that enticed Americans to travel west and expand the United States. US coal production has reached record levels, but not all coal producing States have shared in this growth. The peak coal production in some States occurred many decades ago, whereas in other States the coal industry has been revitalized in recent times. These changes reflect shifts in the use of coal ove r the years. The legislation pertaining to coal issues has effected many aspects of American life including Manifest Destiny’s expansion westward, the federal ownership of coal lands, mine safety and health, labor issues and eventually pollution and social responsibility (bydesign.com)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Coal lands â€Å"in the public domain were governed by special legislation and were not subject to the same right of location as hard rock and petroleum deposits,† according to Utah government archives. In 1866, Congress decreed that coal bed land be sold to the highest bidder at $20 an acre. In 1873, Congress limited purchase amounts to 160 acres for individuals, 320 for associations, and 640 for associations who had already spent at least $5,000 in improving a coal mine. In doing so, Congress paved a path for railroad companies to own coal land in Utah, which provided a lucrative mixture of business ventures. This also marked the start of federal coal land ownership legislation and the introduction of mining camps, which would later incite health and safety legislation (archives.

Essay --

. HSGM 371 Professor Final Paper Vicie Rich November 9, 2013 â€Æ' Table of Contents Title Page 1 Table of Contents 2 Introduction/Identified Problem 3 Literature Review 4 Cost 5 Type chapter title (level 3) 6 â€Æ' Final paper: Identify a work-related topic/issue/problem (or a real-life problem in the treatment of healthcare focusing on access, quality, and/or cost) and write a final paper 6-8 pages, in APA format with a title page, table of contents, introduction, , literature review, discussion, solution/recommendation, conclusion, and reference page (title page, table of contents, and reference page do not count in the 6-8 pages). The outcome is to discuss the pros and cons of that topic and your recommendation of a better solution that will improve healthcare delivery at your institution. Introduction: I would like to examine some of the reasons for the frequent ER hospital readmissions for post-surgery patients within a 30 day period. There has been a high rate of post-surgery patients returning to the emergency room within 30 days after discharge. Identified problem There are several incidents when my sister was seen in the Emergency Room, treated and released and then hospitalized within 30 days after having major surgery. In August 2012, she was diagnosed with a second round of breast cancer and had a mastectomy of the right breast. She had multiple complications (hematoma, elevated blood sugar, and allergic reaction to a medication given in the hospital and infection) with this surgery which required the readmission. I spoke several times to her physician about a longer hospital stay because of her existing illnesses but was told that it was up to the insurance company to approval the additional hospital inpatient da... ...entered Outcomes Research Institute would be the perfect medium to open the eyes of rationers. Republicans and Democrats would both agree that health costs are spiraling out of control. Ultimately, there are only two ways to lower costs. One approach empowers and incentivizes patients to be smarter health care consumers. This entails solutions such as expanding health savings accounts, creating a national market for health insurance, and leveling the tax playing field. These could bend the cost curve down and strengthen the patient-doctor relationship. The administration shunned this approach. My recommendation is that Congress should take a closer look at Medicare, Medicaid and the insurance companies to access what is best for the patient’s recovery post-surgery. They should become more patient-centered, focusing on preventative care and health literacy.

Accounting Essay -- essays research papers

Revenue Recognition Policies The purpose of this paper is to compare the revenue recognition policies of two companies in the search, detection, navigation, guidance, and aeronautical systems industry. The two companies I have selected are Aerosonic Corporation, and Esco Electronics Company. Esco Electronics Company is engaged in the design, manufacture, sale and support of engineered products. These products are used principally in filteration/fluid flow applications, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) testing, and electric utility communications and control systems. The filtration/fluid flow and EMC testing products are supplied to a broad base of industrial and commercial customers worldwide. At the present time, electric utility communications systems are marketed primarily to customers in North America. The four primary industry segments of Esco are Filtration/Fluid Flow, Test, Communications, and other. In order for Esco to conform with generally accepted accounting principles, management must make careful estimates in preparing the financial statements. These estimates are for anticipated contract costs and revenues earned during the life of the contract. These amounts affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities on the company’s financial statements. Actual results could differ from these numbers. Revenues are recognized on commercial sales when products are shipped or when services are performed. Revenue on production contracts are recorded when specific contract terms are fulfilled. These amounts are determined either by the units of production or delivery methods. Revenues from cost reimbursement contracts are recorded as costs are incurred, plus fees earned. Revenue under long-term contracts in which the previous two methods are inappropriate, the percentage-of-completion method is used. Revenue under engineering contracts are generally recognized as certain â€Å"milestones† are attained. The percentage-of-completion method recognizes a portion of the estimated gross profit for each period based on progress to date. Progress to date is based on three factors. These three factors are the costs incurred to date, the most recent estimate of the project’s total cost, and the most recent gross profit percentage. Progress to date is assumed to ... ...s these items as sales. Like Esco, Aerosonic follows the percentage-of completion method to account for long-term engineering contracts. Revisions in costs and revenue estimates are reflected in the periods in which the revisions are made. Provisions for estimated losses are determined without regard to the percentage-of-completion. Like Esco, Aerosonic’s financial statements are based heavily on management’s estimates. To auditors, this raises a red flag. Auditors must be careful when conducting the audits of these particular companies. It is rather easy, and conceivable for management to manipulate earnings to meet projected totals. Another important area is that a company like Aerosonic has one major customer, and that is U.S. government. Another important factor is that Aerosonic recognizes revenue when title transfers to the government. Since the two parties are closely related in a business sense, Aerosonic may have the incentive to push titles of products to the government to meet target revenues. Auditors should take care in determining whether or not the financial statements conform generally accepted accounting principles.

Althete Safety

No matter what age. Gender, or ethnicity sports are universal. Whether the sports are American or otherwise, anyone can play/do sports. Thousands of people sign up to play sports in this country every day. In America, sports are one of the top hobbies people do every day. There are so many sports; It is in fact difficult to choose a few among them. However each sport has Its own set of rules. Sports are more popular for teens nowadays but they are the top reason teens are getting injured these days.Rules used to be very minimal when sports were first rated, but as of today each sport has its own specific set of rules to follow by. At every sporting event It Is mandatory to have some type of medical team or medical kit with you at all times. Concussions are the biggest concern when it comes to injuries. Especially playing football, or boxing or other head to head sports. In each sport they make rules to try and prevent the cause of concussions. The rules in each sport nowadays are so advanced that they try so hard to push the Importance of how bad a concussion can be toward an athlete.A concussion could ruin a player's season, or even career. This doesn't happen to teen athletes. This could occur to those playing in the NIL (National Hockey League), the NFG (National Football League) and even boxing along with many other sports. Many people believe that the new set of rules and regulations set for each sport to try to protect athletes from being injured is unnecessary; while others believe that they're great and can definitely save people. Many people are all for the rules and regulations to protect the athletes.Most of the reason they have these rules and isolations Is to prevent lawsuits and of course concussions According to past experiences with teammates it should be a requirement for student athletes or any athlete for this matter to be provided with training in recognizing symptoms of certain medical issues such as; concussions, asthma, or other head and neck injuries. Being both healthy and safe will help you become a better athlete and obviously will help you stay safe of other injuries.Injuries at teenage levels can be taken very serious, even if it's Just a sprain or a pulled muscle. Stretching out each day when you aka up, before and after you work out will not only loosen up your muscles but it'll reduce the percentage of injuries. According to â€Å"USA Today† 1. 35 million youth athletes have a serious injury each year due to sports and not being healthy with your body. The top youth sports injuries occur with contact of the head or your ankles.The highest percentage rate of injuries Is your ankles at 15%. The second highest Is your head with 14%. Surprisingly enough the lowest percentage injury Is your knees at 9%. The most common sports for these types of Injuries to happen are in football and basketball. According to â€Å"USA Today' the number of people with concussions this past year at ages 19 and under is at 3 94,350 playing football. The number of concussions due to playing basketball is at 389,610 this past year.These Injuries are due to no safety training to these student athletes. By age the highest percentage rate for concussions is 47% at ages 12-15. The lowest percentage rate for concussions is at 5% for athletes 7 and under. Increasing. Athletes would rather focus on playing the game and getting ready to compete then focusing on their warm up and being provided with training. However, any Americans frequently utilize the healthcare system for treatment of injuries resulting from everyday activities such as sports.Whether the sports are for the school or an intramural the number of injuries is still pretty high due to the fact of not training the symptoms of injuries. Every year the percentage rate goes up because of the different rule changes. Many suffer from minor or even serious sports-related injuries. Throughout the years of sports so many rules have changed that the injury l evel on student athletes keeps changing. However, the number of injuries occurs a lot wrought bigger level sports, such as; the NFG, NIL and boxing or other head on sports.The sports don't have to be head on Just to injure yourself. You can play any sport and injure anything in your body if you use it the wrong way. The more you don't focus on training for the symptoms the easier it is to injure yourself. It could change your life in a negative way. Whether you train yourself or not for the symptoms of injuries there's still a possibility you can get injured. You can't prevent getting injured 100%, but if you trained yourself for the symptoms then you have a better chance to prevent injury.

Mary Kay EC Systems Essay

Founded in 1962, Mary Kay (marykay.com) has about 1.8 million consultants selling its cosmetics and fragrance in 34 countries. In 2008, the company had about $2.4 billion in wholesale sales. As a company that has based its reputation on personal contacts in door-to-door visits and home gatherings, one might think that Mary Kay would not benefit from EC. Actually, the opposite is true. Currently, more than 95 percent of Mary Kay’s independent salespeople place orders via the internet. The Problem The cosmetics market is very competitive, but it is growing rapidly, especially in developing countries. Mary Kay is trying to capitalize on this trend. The My Kay business model enables rapid growth into new markets. By the early 2000s, consultants found that more and more customers wanted to shop online. With a long and global supply chain and the need to manage almost 2 million consultants, it was clear that automation was needed, but Mary Kay’s existing computer system was old and lacked web or e-commerce applications. Therefore, a major overhaul of the information systems was needed. Finally, it became clear that the emergence of social computing might provide a golden opportunity for Internet marketing by the company. The Solution Mary Kay’s IT department is now split into three divisions: e-commerce, supply chain, and back-office support. Because of pressure from the consultants, the restructuring focused on e-commerce. The company’s goals and objectives were set based on industry best practices and this will determine what, how, and when the company is operated, and these also apply to EC initiatives. Mary Kay’s EC solution included the creation of an electronic service desk that supports consultants in 30 countries in a standardized way. Mary Kay also introduced a global electronic ordering system, called Atlas, that allows the consultants to  communicate with company warehouses. An intelligent data repository that dynamically maintains a logical model of the EC environment that can be accessed by Mary Kay IT staff. Mary Kay and its consultants are also making extensive use of social computing. The following are some representative examples of how Mary Kay uses social computing: The company posts job opening announcements on several sites, including MySpace Jobs (jobs.myspace.com). Movies and videotapes are available on YouTube (youtube.com) and on movies.go.com. Several blogs are available, both for and against the company (e.g., marykayandrews.com/blog) Auctions and fixed price items are available for sale on eBay. Mary Kay provides a consultant locator on the Internet (marykay.com/locator). All of these developments are supported by an extensive hardware and software infrastructure, including a wireless remote management system at the 760,000 square-foot corporate headquarters, an extensive wide area network, and a large data center. Some of the EC systems are used enterprise wide (e.g., service desk, ticketing system for consultants for events, and  service requests made by consultants). Others are functional (e.g., accounting, finance, marketing, and inventory control). The company uses an intranet for internal communications as well as dozens of other EC applications. In addition to providing better support to consultants, the EC initiatives produced other benefits, such as greater efficiency, reduced costs and downtime, and improved service. In terms of human resources, it enabled the company to handle its rapid growth without a substantial increase in staffing. The changes also have allowed EC personnel to focus on strategic tasks. Mary Kay found that its engineers and technical people now have time to spend on new innovations.

Goodnight Mr Tom Essay

In the essay, I have to describe and explain the character that I liked and disliked in the text and a response to both parts of the question. The title of the novel is called â€Å"Goodnight Mr Tom† by â€Å"Michelle Magorian†. The character I liked in the novel the most is Willie. This young boy came from the city side where he is treated harshly by his parents. This â€Å"thin and sick-looking pale with limy sandy hair† boy is called Willie in the novel, which he was evacuated out of the city from the causes of the â€Å"Blitz† happening there. He was sent along by his parents into the country side to be protected and kept save away from the bombing. The boy is one passionate kid, he does lots of things like loving the fresh breezes and sunny and â€Å"Little Wier†. Willie is most important and most interesting character in the text. It really made me very curious about him, that way he acted and how was treated when he was young. He clearly was my most liked character by how he was raised by his parents –strict and religious. I liked how his shy, timid, socially and sometimes awkward. This character reflects on me a lot because this how I acted when, I go/enter someone’s home or house. Also I can be sometimes liked this when, I’m in a room of people that I do not know. It creates a visual for me to understand how he felt that time when he was left home with someone who he doesn’t know and that’ll be taking care of him. I also liked the things about Willie is that he has patience’s, he gave the person (Mr Tom) some time so he can understand him a bit better and be able to have some connections. I don’t dislike anything about Willie in the text. He has a great personality, so there’s no need for Willie to have any disliked list or category. But there is more things to like about Willie, like how his sees passion through Zach, Mr Tome, local friends and his painting and his acting. His hobbies are like what ordinary kid do example; us we are young and did all of this things like- Read, Paint, Swimming, Acting and also some music. There’s no other way not to like this character, also he eats/drinks the same thing you do- tea, cake and some lemonade. From the way I described my character, this where I summaries it. My point of this essay is that I choose the character named Willie, not because his then main characters buy by the way he expressed himself from the novel/book. It made a clear understanding of the choosing this character as for my essay.

Rethinking Poverty

Esmeralda Johnson Dr. Douchant ECON 33065 May 2nd, 2018 Rethinking PovertyIntroductionDespite the remarkable and noticeable progress since the Second World War in various parts of the world, severe poverty remains to be a concern in various regions in the globe. From the World Bank's report of 2008, more than 1.4 billion people are living in poverty, which is under 1 dollar a day income (United Nations, 5). The world is facing very diverse challenges. Recently, crises of energy and food are making hundreds of millions to be susceptible to poverty and hunger. The world economic and financial crisis also is threatening to wipe out progress in the reduction of poverty, as climate change remains the main threat to the lives of the poor people. The negative outcome of the crises highlights an increased vulnerability to poverty, hence calling for some international poverty reduction (Karnani, np). It eventually underscores the need of rethinking strategies for poverty reduction, including the development paradigm. Background information on global poverty. Poverty is a key cause of undernourishment and hunger. From the 2009 research by the Food and Agriculture Organization, more than 960 million people are hungry people worldwide, representing more than 15 percent of the world population. Most of the hungry and undernourished individuals are in the poor countries nations. Poverty on its own is claiming more than 25 000 children every day, with the number also increasing all the time (United Nations, 5). These children die miserably in various parts of the earth. Also, more than 28 percent of the children in countries that are developing, are assumed and assessed to be stunted or underweight. More than 1 billion individuals in the unindustrialized countries lack access to sufficient water, while more than 2.6 billion individuals are under inadequate sanitation (United Nations, 6). When relating poverty and inequality, they have a close relationship, and inequality itself is rising worldwide at both the national and global levels. Over 81 percent of the global population lives in nations where there is an increase in the income differences. 40 percent which represents the poorest of the world population only contribute to 5% of the global income. Whereas, 20 percent which represents the rich are accounting for 75% of the global income (United Nations, 7). Multidimensional nature of poverty Poverty does no only entail lack of unsatisfied material needs or undernourishment. Other accompaniments include state of powerlessness. In the democratically organized nations, the poor people do not have a choice but to accept the political humiliations that they face. Since they feel ashamed of being unable to care and provide for their children, they lose hope with life, and they feel like they do not have anything to show beyond how they survive. From the 2000 Millennium Summit which was adopted during the United Nations Declaration, the leaders came up with some Millennium Development Goals (Karnani, np). The major goal was towards halving global poverty by 2015, which never worked so well even up to now. The progress towards meeting the target of reducing poverty has constantly been threatened by financial and economic crisis, which began during the Great Depression of the 1930s, which was a major hit to the world at a time it was recovering from the energy and food crises. The impact of poverty is mostly felt in the African countries, which depend on imported cereals, forming 80% of their dietary being imported (United Nations, 6). When poverty strikes, children are majorly affected. The children always suffer the health and education setbacks when such crises come. When the families shrink the household budgets, the parents are forced to pull their children to leave school, with girls being the first target as compared to boys. From the 2009 – 2015 report, it constantly shows that more than 1.5 to 2.8 million children, especially infants may die in case the crisis will persist (United Nations, 7). It is attestable that international energy, food, economic and financial predicaments are the main causes of poverty in the global regions. They reverse the progress which is achieved so far towards realizing the internationally agreed development goals towards eradicating poverty. Besides these cause, climate change poses another severe risk to the reduction of poverty as well as threatening in undoing the decades of laying development efforts (Brady et al. 751). The confrontational impacts of change in climate are much evident as natural tragedies become common and devastating with developing countries being much susceptible and prone to these effects. Major victims of poverty globally Although poverty is said to be a global phenomenon, it is evident that those who feel it most are the poor people as well as developing countries. These developing countries are prone to the climate change effects because their institutional and financial capability towards anticipating and responding to the adverse impacts of financial changes are greatly insufficient (Pearce, 122). Many of the sectors which are providing the basic services for livelihood to the poor people living in the developing countries are not able to deal with the current stresses and variability of climate changes in these particular countries. Poverty eradication as an ethical and moral imperative The eradication of poverty is considered to be both moral as well ethical imperative, with its course being the governing standards of United Nations. Living poverty and hunger-free life if considered to be among the fundamental freedoms and human rights that every individual need to enjoy, according to the â€Å"Universal Declaration of Human Rights†. Article 25, clause 1 of this Declaration states that any person has the right to living adequately both for health and wellbeing, and even the family when it comes to commodities like clothing, medical attention, clothes and basic needs. The United Nations' General Assembly also recognizes extreme poverty is a great defilement of human privileges, including the right of living as well. Hence, one of the basic United Nations' goals is towards promoting high living standards, with employment as well as social and economic development, as defined by the articles 55 and 56 of the same Declaration (United Nations, 8). Poverty is also the violation of some of the fundamental standards of social justice. Social justice, in its broad sense, emphasizes the key standards of non-segregation as well as fairness including the political, civic, cultural, economic and social rights. These principles, when rightly applied, will give rise to the socio-political priorities and reduce the vulnerability, segregation and discrimination development (Cobbinah et al. 28). The social justice has a requirement that every individual should have an equal living standard, and that those people who live in poverty should be receiving assistance and support in case they lack the means of living their lives of human dignity and worth. Growth, inequality and poverty eradication A successful and sustained reduction of poverty is fully dependent on the pace of a country's development growth. Most of the East Asian countries have affirmed that poverty can be reduced. Most of the successful example of a quick reduction in poverty in this modern age, also confirms that the nations with equivalent delivery of its resources and revenue develop faster than the nations with high inequality degree. High smallholder's output, investment of human capital, economies of scale are just by suggestive factors towards accounting the reason that great equality has a concision with fast growth. Rapid industrial investment expansion as well as jobs to enable the surplus labor to be absorbed also show a good experience on the reduction on poverty levels (Babcock, np). The continuing reduction of poverty in the East Asian region does not only depend on the results of unleashing the market powers. However, it lies in the states' continual forge on the social contract. The contract was designed towards ensuring jobs expansion in the labor-intensive industries to employ the unskilled labor and reduce poverty. Also, the contract works towards effecting a shift to technologically demanding activities for competitive benefits in the international markets for future increased living standards. Rethinking of poverty currently Since the United Nations adopted the Millennium Declaration in 2000, various nations in Latin America and Africa have recognized a fast growth in economy, with benefits from high prices of commodities. Most of the developing countries are achieving macroeconomic stability, with a balance in their public finances. The investors are nowadays willing to invest in the developing countries, because the financial markets are thriving in liquidity. Foreign Direct Investment or FDI is on its rise, especially on the countries which are resource-rich, while the mining countries are still the advantage of the high prices of the minerals (Pearce, 124). The strong growth and development of countries like India and China help in reducing the global poverty rates, not only within themselves but also with the trading partners' economies. The world strategy towards economic growth is essential in the reduction of poverty. Those convinced that economic growth is offering the better way towards reducing poverty and the benefit of the poor from globalization would make the world a better place. However, the main problem is with the crises in food and energy as well as global economic and financial crisis. As per now, the World Bank has revised the â€Å"dollar-a-day† methodology as well as the poverty estimates (Babcock, np). The world has come to the point of accepting the poverty reduction is something complex and needs conventional wisdom. Hence it calls for a more oriented and progressive state of activism and universality, rather than selectivity towards the social policy. Conclusion There is also hope that through the highlight of moral obligation to handle poverty as a human right and fundamental, social spending problem will be automatically resisted at this time of economic hardship. However, the ultimate role of handling poverty as well as climate change is lying on the hands of governments. The developed words must play their role to support the developing countries' efforts in achieving the globally agreeable developmental goals towards ensuring there is an establishment of an inclusive, peaceful and prosperous world which is free from poverty, hunger, deprivation, and indignity.

Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Psychology - Essay Example In his book ‘The Interpretation of Dreams’, Sigmund Freud argued that the foundation of all dream content is the fulfillment of wishes, conscious or not. The theory explains that the schism between ego and id leads to "censorship" of dreams. The unconscious would "like" to depict the wish fulfilled wholesale, but the preconscious cannot allow it — the wish (or wishes) within a dream is thus disguised, and, as Freud argues, only an understanding of the structure of the dream-work can explain the dream. In every dream in which he attempts to do so, he is able to establish a multitude of wishes on a variety of levels — conscious wishes for the immediate future. (Freud, 59) According to Freud, our dreams are important and meaningful in understanding the causes of our problems, hidden issues, and painful issues we cant face during wakefulness. Freud identified two types of content in our dreams; latent content and manifest content. Manifest content is all the parts of the dream that we remember (the actual content). Its not the stuff we associate with our dreams, but the actual story lines of the dreams. This is regarded as Manifest Content. On the contrary, dreams have two types of content, each of which contains different meanings to the dreams. One of these type of content is latent content, which is the underlying, more hidden, but true meaning of a dream (as opposed to the manifest content). Freud believed that the latent content was somehow censored by the subconscious which was a way to protect us from the real meanings of the dreams. This was necessary because the dream content may be difficult for people to deal with, so people disguise the rea l meaning. However, Freud believed that when people were in conflict, if he could uncover or get to the latent content, then he could identify the persons problem and resolve their conflict. This is regarded as Latent Content. Similarly, the sexual motivator is that part of the

Nursing Leadership Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Nursing Leadership Paper - Essay Example Nurses have always been ill prepared to take over the new role of managing or taking the leadership role to manage a large group of people (Foster, 2000). They often are contented of being a role model to others rather than taking a leadership role that will give them more powers to set policies in their department and carry out this roles well. A critical assessment of the issue of management in nursing is important since many nurses who accept to take this role are not adequately prepared to do it and many take up this work without clear planning or proper preparation. Early experiences and training in the leadership program will go a long way in ensuring that the nurses are vibrant in taking these roles without fear and can perform better than they are thought to (Shirey, 2007). The rationale for focusing in this issue is because leadership in nursing goes a long way to improve the services the nurses render to their patients. Good leadership will also give encouragement to the nurses and create a favorable environment for them to work under. Researchers have revealed that engaging nurses in leadership increases their job satisfaction and commitment, and motivates them to work better and harder (Alimo, 2007). The importance of leadership to the nursing profession and the vision of the profession are to ensure that the nu rses are lead to a specific goal and are motivated in their work so that the expected goals and performance are met. In Sullivan’s book, he explains why nurses need to be change agents. Using theories of management, the author explains the need for management change in the nursing fraternity. The book explains the relationship between the change process and nursing practice. He explains the change strategies that have taken root in the nursing field and the need for corresponding change of attitude in leadership and attitude. Sullivan’s publication describes the role of a manager in change as he dissects the need for

Works of art by two differant artists i saw at the Getty Museum Assignment

Works of art by two differant artists i saw at the Getty Museum - Assignment Example The first art work is the â€Å"Vincent Van Gogh’s Irises.† This is a painting that was done by one Vincent who did it at a time when he lived at the asylum in Saint Poul – de- Mausole , which is in France. The lack of tension and the relaxed brushstrokes in Vincent’s paintings during the time exemplified the paintings of Van Gogh, which resulted to his mental attack within the asylum. Van Gogh called the painting â€Å"the lightning conductor of my illness† due to the fact that he did consider it a therapy of his depression and insernity feelings (Manesh). The Irises work was done in the painter firs week in assylun. It was hihly probably that the work was influenced by the Japanese wood block prints which got to be produced within the 17th century. The Japanese works influenced most artists as at that period. It helped in reinforcing printing expressive power The next art work in comparison with this is the Irii Matamoe or rather the royal end,which is an unearthing painting that is of a decapitated human head displayed lavishly on some canvas cushion by one Poul Gauguin, a post impressionist painter. The painter had witnessed an execution in public by Guillotine in Polynesia years earlier. His experiences during his own travels resulted to his strong opposition to European colonization as well as the imperialistic viewpoint. The theme of death is what he seemed to be obsessed with and did feature in most of his paintings. The Irii Matomoe unlike the Irises was done in the 1890s. Events that had taken place influenced the dark subject matter of the art work. The painter did hard the Tahitian language words â€Å"Arii† and â€Å"Matomoe† on the upper left of the canvas. The Arii means noble while Matomoe means sleeping eyes. This phrase does imply death. Symbolist artist like Gauguin did have a predilection of images of decapitated heads as well as

Case Study Work Based Learning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Case Study Work Based Learning - Assignment Example L'Oreal reported revenues of $19.8 billion in 2004 with more than 52,000 employees worldwide. The news of acquisition has surprised Animal protection organizations and ethical consumers worldwide. Though this deal has been endorsed by financial analysts for its financial viability there are sharp protests from ethical consumer forums. They have reacted with surprise at the news that L'Oreal will acquire The Body Shop International. There have been particular concerns over the future of The Body Shop's firm and consistent stance against animal testing and ethical consumerism. The groups issuing this statement work together in a global coalition operating those programs such as the Corporate Standard of Compassion (US) and Humane Cosmetics Standard (EU), working closely with leading cosmetics companies worldwide to end animal testing. The acquisition is over but major challenges lying ahead of L'Oreal and Body Shop of identifying the metrics to measure success, and unifying the contrasting 'people' cultures and management styles of a French corporate giant and a UK-based company whose culture - and business and operating model - is inextricably based upon a strong ethical trading stance, is matter of importance for success of merger. Though L'Oreal and Body Shop belonged to the same business domains there was a large gap between their operating business philosophies. While Body Shop has been a champion of ethical business and ethical consumerism L'Oreal's track record in this field has not been that clean. L'Oreal has accepted in past, the use of animal testing for their cosmetology and dermatology research. L'Oreal receives a worst rating from Ethical Consumer for its animal testing policy, and also has had boycott calls against it for testing its cosmetic products on animals. And while the Body Shop has always considered natural ingredients as important, L'Oreal is criticized by environmental campaigners for including harmful pollutants and worrying chemicals in its cosmetics. Another worry is its link to Nestle. In many European surveys consumers have voted Nestle as a least ethical and responsible organization because of its baby milk which it advertise to be substitute of breast milk. Business Ethics Body shop has sensitized the European customers about the business ethics. According to business philosophy of Body Shop it is opposed to testing products and various ingredients used in cosmetics on animals. Body Shop has also been a champion of business ethics and corporate responsibility to contribute for the cause of society. Following are some lines from the corporate values they are said to follow: "We consider testing products or ingredients on animals to be morally and scientifically indefensible. We support small producer communities around the world who supply us with accessories and natural ingredients. We believe that it is the responsibility of every individual to actively support those who have human rights denied to them. We believe that a business has the responsibility to protect the environment in which it operates, locally and globally." Considering above statements, L'Oreal and Nestle, which owns 26% of L'Oreal, do not have a healthy records at least for the social activists, environmentalists and for Body Shop till the date of acquisition. Anita Roddick, CEO and founder of Body Shop, has many times lashed out at the policy of Nestle of not being ethical. Following Anita's

Corporate Governance in The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Dissertation

Corporate Governance in The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - Dissertation Example ance and the Role of Auditors in the KSA 26 Synthesis of the Review 28 Chapter 3: Methodology 30 Introduction 30 Research Approach 30 Research Design 30 Specification of Variables 31 Hypotheses 33 Sampling Technique 35 Methods and Materials 36 Reliability and Validity 36 Data-Collection Procedure 36 Ethical Considerations 37 Method of Data Analysis 37 Conclusion 38 Chapter 4: Results and Discussion 39 Introduction 39 Results 39 Discussion 60 Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendations 65 Conclusions 65 Recommendations 67 List of Tables Table 1. Independent and Dependent Variables 31 Table 2. Demographic Traits 32 Table 3. Research Questions with Corresponding Alternative Hypotheses 33 Table 4. Descriptive statistics: Evaluations of corporate governance (Internal Auditors) 40 Table 5. Descriptive statistics: Facets of the auditor’s role influenced by corporate governance (Internal Auditors) 42 Table 6. T-test: Facets of the auditor’s role influenced by corporate governanc e (Internal Auditors) 43 Table 7a. Coefficient of determination: Evaluations of corporate governance vs. overall success of corporate governance as regards the auditor’s role (Internal Auditors) 44 Table 7b. One-way ANOVA: Evaluations of corporate governance vs. overall success of corporate governance as regards the auditor’s role (Internal Auditors) 45 Table 7c. Beta coefficients: Evaluations of corporate governance vs. overall success of corporate governance to the auditor role (Internal Auditors) 46 Table 8. Descriptive statistics: Evaluations of corporate governance (External Auditors) 47 Table 9. Descriptive statistics: Facets of the auditor’s role influenced by corporate governance (Internal Auditors) 50 Table 10. T-test: Facets of the auditor’s role influenced by corporate governance... Following the major recent scandals involving accountants and their tendency to restate earnings, as well as the collapse of Enron and WorldCom, various calls for reform have been made, particularly in the field of management, external auditing and corporate governance (Brown 2005; Deakin & Konzelmann 2004). Research that delves into the matter at hand has highlighted the importance of the so-called â€Å"corporate governance mosaic†, which generally emphasises the critical role of the interactions among the important parties involved in financial reporting (Ali 1999). Moreover, researchers have given attention to how the corporate governance initiative of organisations significantly affects the processes related to financial reporting and auditing. It has likewise been argued that the auditors, together with the board of directors, must work hand in hand towards the betterment of the auditing process in accordance with the principles of corporate governance (Cohen, Krishnamoo rthy & Wright 2007; Dewing & Russell 2004). Strong corporate governance positively affects the quality of financial reports in a sense that it minimizes the incidence of fraud, fewer restatements and lower earnings of the management (Cohen et al. 2007). The nature and strength with which organisations carry out their initiatives pertaining to corporate governance significantly affect the audit process. Furthermore, actors involved in the advancement of corporate governance initiatives are also likely to be more responsible in ensuring that financial reporting is of high quality (Abbott, Parker & Peters 2004). Finally, it is also through the proper adoption of the principles of corporate governance that auditors are enabled to solve their disputes with clients. The relationship of corporate governance and the role of the auditors has indeed been the subject of many studies (Abbott, Parker & Peters 2004; International Organisations of Securities Commissions). Additionally, researchers who have undertaken studies in relation to the topic have all underscored the fact that the corporate governance system helps in preventing the collapse of corporations. The relationship between the two is also based on the role of auditors in ensuring the quality of the financial reports (Krishnan n.d.). In view of this, this research aims to look into how corporate governance influences the role of the auditors in the context of companies in the KSA.

The global pattern of foreign direct investment in the years 2000-2011 Essay

The global pattern of foreign direct investment in the years 2000-2011 - Essay Example Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is perceived as one of the important measures of increasing economic globalization. As because of increasing globalization and international trade, transnational corporations (TNCs) are able to invest in different overseas projects and shift their operations to different regions of the world (Globerman, & Shapiro, 2003). It is important to understand and analyze the concept of the foreign direct investment as it is directly related with the globalization in the today’s world (Noorbakhsh, Paloni, & Youssef, 2001). Because of increasing globalization and international trade, more and more foreign investors are investing their money in different projects overseas. It is important to notice that overall foreign direct investment (FDI) increased to around $ 33 billion in the year 2008 as compared to $ 5 billion in the year 2000 (UNCTAD, 2010). However, there was sharp decline in global foreign direct investment (FDI) in the year 2009 to around $ 28 b illion. This was because of the global economic recession. Overall economic recession and downturn forced the transnational corporations (TNCs) to cut down their overall investments and expenditures which in turn negatively influenced the global foreign direct investment (FDI). Most of these foreign direct investments (FDI) are directed towards the developing countries and least developed countries. The multinational corporations (MNCs) and transnational corporations (TNCs) are looking forward to exploit the abundance of low priced resources of these developing and under developed countries and thus shift more operations in these countries. Therefore, foreign investment flows from the developed countries towards least developed countries (Chakrabarti, 2001). The third world and developing countries are enriched with the resource of foreign direct investment (FDI). In the year 2010, overall global foreign direct investment (FDI) almost remained constant and reflected only a growth of around 0.7 percent. However, in the same year the foreign direct investment (FDI) to the developing countries increased by around 10 percent. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is important in order to maintain consistent growth and development all over the world (Blonigen, 2005). This facilitates the process of transferring the resources and funds from more developed countries to developing countries. Investors from developed countries are able to take advantage of relatively cheaper and low cost labour and other resources in the third world countries; while at the same time the third world countries are able to gain from the foreign investment which helps them in improving the overall economic condition (Neuhaus, 2005). For this very reason, many third world and developing countries have come up with different methods and strategies for attracting more foreign direct investment (FDI). For example, trade free zones, special tariffs, and easy regulations for foreign investors. Owing t o the high importance of the topic and the strong relation of the topic with the globalization and overall global economic condition, in this report an attempt has been made to analyze and evaluate

Mutual Exclusiveness of Generic Strategies Essay

Mutual Exclusiveness of Generic Strategies - Essay Example Thus, a firm that seeks cost leadership must explore all avenues that will guarantee its cost advantage in the industry. For a firm to achieve differentiation advantage over its competitors, it must come up with the necessary measures to produce a unique service or product that is valued by the customers to the extent of foregoing a relatively cheaper service or product offered by the firm’s competitors to buy from the firm at a higher price (Dahlen, 2006). Therefore, cost leadership and differentiation strategies define two fundamentally different approaches to business strategy given that a firm competing on low cost is discernible from that competing through differentiation evident from their different organizational characteristics, market poisoning, capabilities and resources (Grant, 2010). Michael Porter pooled differentiation and cost leadership with the firm’s choice of scope to constitute the generic strategies that a firm can use to achieve high profit margins . According to Porter, cost leadership and differentiation are mutually exclusive strategies to the extent that firms that endeavor to practice both strategies are stuck in the middle. Further, Porter defines a firm that is stuck in the middle as one with a guaranteed low profitability since it losses the high volume customers who demand low prices or has lowered its profits so that it can attract customers from those firms offering lower prices. The firm that is stuck in the middle loses its high-end customers who have high margin targets in their mind or have generally achieved differentiation. Such a firm would also lack a well-defined corporate culture in addition to having an incompatible set... This essay has looked at what is covered under cost leadership and differentiation as the two most important components of generic strategies. The following parts of the essay have looked at why it is possible for firms to implement both cost leadership and deferential generic strategies successfully. The paper has highlighted as a case example the strategic approach employed by Toyota which is an industry leader in automobile industry as a major example of how combining the two strategies is possible. The changes in market environment in areas like demand and supply calls for firms that need to keep up with modern trends to diversify their strategic approaches. Evidence from contingency approach to human resource management has been presented to oppose the mutual exclusive view of generic strategies. This paper makes a conclusion that the fear that firms employing both strategies simultaneously run the risk of being stuck in the middle, not knowing which of the two to concentrate on, has also been dispelled. Last part has presented a brief analysis detailing why the concepts as detailed by Porter needs further scrutiny. This analysis assists in place Porters ideas in the context of practical business environment as opposed to the theoretical framework under which Porter postulated the two strategies. Therefore, this essay has succeeded in proving that Cost leadership and differentiation generic strategies are not mutually exclusive but are approaches that business organizations can take advantage of to achieve greater margins in terms of their profits.

Indigenous Knowledge Amd Essay Example for Free

Indigenous Knowledge Amd Essay Pedagogy in First Nations Education A Literature Review with Recommendations. ’’ Marie Battiste, director of the Apamuwek Institute, in partnership with the Canadian Government has made a research conducting a literature review on indigenous knowledge. The author writes about the challenges that such a research implies. For example, the record of educational knowledge for indigenous people is not necessarily done through books as with the European knowledge system. Throughout the years, the rights of indigenous knowledge in the educational system under the constitutional Act of 1982 section 35 and 52 (p. 13) was not always respected. Her goal s to ensure that the right information about indigenous knowledge is integrated into classrooms. To achieve it, Battiste proposes three approaches. The first one would be to clarify insights into the tensions between Indigenous people and European ways of knowing. The second approach is on innovating program to help understand the challenges of Native People. The third part is based on the Author’s research and the Ministry recommendations in improving First Nations education. Marie Battiste suggests to focus on ‘’ Similarities between the two systems of knowledge ather than on their differences’’ as a start to introduce educational reform. (p. 11). Reference: Battiste. M. (2002) Indigenous Knowledge and Pedagogy in First Nations Education

The Influence of English on My Writing Skills Essay Example for Free

The Influence of English on My Writing Skills Essay I started learning English when I was 10. I found learning foreign language very entertaining, useful and, funny. In a very short time period I learned to speak English quite good and I was able to understand American movies without subtitles. As time was passing, my English was gradually improving and after couple of years I was able to speak it fluently. When it comes to writing, however, I was struggling from the very beginning. Even though I could speak English fluently, I never was really able to print my thoughts on piece of paper. When I was in high school, the English teacher thought that level of my English was among the highest in a class. However, she would never understand my poor performance on written tasks. She was very surprised that I can speak English so well, but still perform poor on essays. In the beginning, the professor though it is due my poor writing skills in general. But, on the other side, my essay grades in Bosnian very excellent, and Bosnian teacher would speak in superlatives about me. So one day, Ana, the English teacher gave me a very interesting task. She first told me to write an essay in Bosnian, and then to use a same topic, and write it in English. I did so, and difference was massive. The Bosnian essay was excellent, and essay written in English not even close as good. We finally found out what was the problem. Although, I was speaking English very well, the most of the words I knew came from different movies and TV shows. The English I was using was mostly made of slang words an terms. It was very good for easy conversation, but not that good for writing. This was a problem that I never completely solved. Despite my writing skills were improving all the time, my English essays were never that good and far away from those written in Bosnian. When it comes to writing the language barrier was insurmountable. The great ideas and thoughts were always coming to my mind, but I was never really able to write them down in English. However, I am pretty sure that I am not the only one with this problem. I think that there are many kids, especially in non-English speaking countries, which have same problems with overcoming language barrier. They all probably have great imagination and great ideas but cannot express them on piece of paper. Overcoming this language barrier was very tough task for me, and I have not finished it yet. Never less, I will keep trying and practicing until my English becomes as good as my Bosnian. I would strongly encourage all other internationals, with same problem, to keep trying and never give up. Because, one day, when we write an English essay and our teacher cannot tell that it’s written by an international; I will know that we made it!